Read part 1 of 'Is the Future Bright for Outsourcing?
I would like to illustrate this with an example, again, from National Rail Enquiries.
Whilst we have been multi-sourcing for quite a while we have generally left hosting with the application provider. The diagram below (Figure 12.1) could be the National Rail Enquiries website.
The first box could be the website user interface where the application supplier also hosts this part of the website. The second could be the journey planner where the hosting is in with the website user interface. The third could be the design company with the fourth being the static data (information on stations, train companies etc.) that is hosted by the application supplier.
The fifth box could be the real-time predictions system where hosting is also with the application supplier, and so on. Some services, such as design, do not require separate hosting but if the service requires hosting it goes with the application contract.

Figure 12.1 Multi-Sourcing Model

Figure 12.2 National Rail Enquiries Demand Issue
However the hosting being split across suppliers like this is not ideal.
The people running the applications are not necessarily experts in hosting and having several hosting operations is inherently inefficient with excess capacity in each area and not having the ability to gain volume synergies.
However for National Rail Enquiries we had a specific issue with demand that made this arrangement even more unsatisfactory.
Figure 12.2 shows journey plans each day for National Rail Enquiries over a three-year period. It is just journey plans so doesn’t show the impact on the real-time and other systems. As you can see there is a general upwards trend with a daily volatility that gives a high and low with about 500,000 journey plans being the spread.
However you will also notice some major spikes both up and down. The downs are the Christmas period, where people tend to take leave – and also passenger trains do not run on Christmas day.
The spikes upwards are easily explainable but a little harder to predict.
Take for example the spike up to 4 million from a run rate of just under 1.5 million in November 2010. This was caused by heavy snow, on a weekday, in the South East in England. Many people commute into London every day for work (around 750,000) and the train is the most common mode of transport.
When people wake up in the South East on a work day and see the world has turned white many of them will contact National Rail Enquiries. This may be by phone, web, mobile web, app, SMS, social media etc. but it all comes into the same systems. The same thing can happen with storms as was seen with the October 2013 storms in the south of the UK that severely disrupted rail travel. National Rail Enquiries had 3.5 million visits on 28 October 2013
(the day after the overnight storm brought a large number of trees down onto railway lines), 6.3 million journey plans (off the chart on the scale above) and 18 million requests for real-time information.
However it isn’t just weather. The UK rail system is very safe but they do have accidents and they do have major delays, however rarely. These can occur at any time and have the same effect as snow but are even less predictable.
The National Rail Enquiries service can’t be allowed to fall over so we set capacity at a very high level. Fine for the customer as the service is always there and hardly even slows down, but not so good for the service maintaining a high level of capacity all year round when it is hardly ever used.
What we needed was to combine the various hosting arrangements and have a service that flexed with our demand. I am of course talking about cloud hosting so when that service became popular we were very interested to move to it.
However, cloud hosting brings its own issues. The cloud suppliers are currently high in technology delivery and low in support. You need to be able to manage your services on their systems and do you own scaling of capacity. They will supply whatever you need but you need to tell them how much that is.
Because of the complexity of this we introduced a Service, Integration and Applications Management (SIAM) company into the mix. This is shown in the following diagram (Figure 12.3).

Figure 12.3 Multi-Sourcing with Cloud Hosting
Read part 3 of 'Is the Future Bright for Outsourcing?'
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Derek Parlour's book, Successful Outsourcing and Multi-Sourcing, is available to purchase here. Members of the National Outsourcing Association are currently eligible for a significant discount - just use the code G14IZN30 on the Gower Publishing website.